Healthy Gut = Healthy Heart Most people think heart disease is caused only by high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, or smoking. However, recent research has revealed another important factor—gut health. Your digestive system contains trillions of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) collectively known as the gut microbiota. These microbes play a vital role in digestion, immunity, metabolism, and overall health. When the balance of these microorganisms is disturbed (a condition called gut dysbiosis), it can contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease.